Today, let's talk about the factors that need to be considered in the design of photovoltaic power generation systems.
Firstly, in terms of load characteristics and electricity consumption characteristics, designers may need to consider whether the load is a DC load or an AC load. If the load is an AC load, more consideration should be given to the design of the inverter compared to a DC load. If the load is an impact load, reasonable margin should be left in capacity design and equipment selection. If the load is only used during the day, less consideration can be given to battery configuration. If the load is also used at night, more attention should be paid to battery capacity design.
Secondly, the azimuth and inclination angles of photovoltaic arrays; Generally, in the northern hemisphere, when the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array is 0 ° (i.e. the photovoltaic array faces due south), the solar cell generates the maximum power. The inclination angle is the angle between the plane of the photovoltaic array and the horizontal ground. The inclination angle that allows the photovoltaic array to receive the maximum total radiation throughout the year (i.e., the maximum annual power generation of the photovoltaic array) is called the optimal inclination angle. The optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic array in an off grid photovoltaic power generation system is to obtain the maximum inclination angle of the photovoltaic array in the month with the lowest radiation in the region. The optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic array in a grid connected photovoltaic power generation system is the inclination angle that maximizes the annual power generation (or radiation) of the photovoltaic array. The optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic water pump system photovoltaic array is the inclination angle that maximizes the solar energy generation of the photovoltaic array in summer.
Thirdly, if the impact of shadows on power generation is due to the inability of photovoltaic modules or arrays to be directly illuminated by sunlight, there is shadow obstruction, and the power generation of photovoltaic modules or arrays is reduced by 10-20% compared to without shadows. If the shadow lasts for a long time, it may produce a hot spot effect, which can burn out the components in severe cases. Therefore, the installation of photovoltaic modules needs to reduce shadow blocking. It is also necessary to regularly inspect the photovoltaic array of the modules, clean and remove various fixed obstructions on the surface and surrounding areas of the photovoltaic modules
Fourth, rainy days: The longest continuous rainy days are equal to the number of days that require the battery to maintain power supply to the load, and the continuous rainy days can directly affect the battery capacity. When designing the capacity of the battery, it is necessary to consider the situation where the battery has not yet fully charged and enters the second consecutive rainy day after the end of the first consecutive rainy day. In this case, the capacity of the battery must ensure that it can operate normally within the time span of two consecutive rainy days.
For non important users or wind solar complementary power generation systems, the selection range for the longest continuous rainy days can be between 3 and 7 days. For important loads without backup power supply (such as mobile communication equipment power supply), the selection range for the longest continuous rainy days can be set at 7-15 days.
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