Photovoltaic power generation system is a device that uses DC power generated by solar radiation and converts it into AC power through an inverter. The inverter plays a vital role in the photovoltaic system, and its working principle directly affects the performance and stability of the system. TOPCHIP ELECTRONICS, a spot supplier of electronic components, will introduce you to the working principle of the inverter in the photovoltaic power generation system to better understand the role of the inverter in solar power generation.
1. Basic functions of inverter
An inverter is a device that converts direct current into alternating current. In photovoltaic power generation systems, the electricity generated by solar panels is direct current (DC), while most household and industrial electrical equipment uses alternating current (AC). The main function of an inverter is to convert the DC power generated by solar panels into AC power that can be used by household and industrial equipment.
2. Working principle of inverter
Step 1: DC input
The first step in a photovoltaic system is to direct the DC power produced by the solar panels to an inverter. Solar panels convert solar energy into direct current through light, a process that generates voltage and current that vary with light intensity and area.
Step 2: DC-DC conversion
Before going into the inverter, some current and voltage adjustments are usually required. At this time, the inverter's control circuit is responsible for monitoring and adjusting the DC parameters to ensure that they are suitable for the next operation of the inverter.
Step 3: Inversion
The core job of an inverter is to convert DC power into AC power. This step involves using electronic components inside the inverter, such as transistors and capacitors, to generate electricity that meets AC standards by controlling the direction and amplitude of the current.
Step 4: Current Modulation
In inverters, current modulation is a key technology. By adjusting the current waveform output by the inverter, AC output of different frequencies and voltages can be achieved. In this step, the inverter ensures that the AC power generated complies with national or regional power standards.
Step 5: Output AC power
Finally, the inverter outputs the adjusted AC power to the grid or power supply system. In this way, the electricity generated by the solar panels can provide usable power for homes, industrial equipment or the power grid.
3. Types of inverters
In photovoltaic power generation systems, there are several common inverter types:
3.1 Independent inverter
Standalone inverters are commonly used in small photovoltaic systems, such as home solar power systems. This type of inverter is usually connected to a battery system to provide power at night or when there is insufficient light.
3.2 Network inverter
Network inverters are used to inject electricity generated by photovoltaic systems into the grid. This kind of inverter is usually used in large photovoltaic power stations and can integrate the power from multiple systems into the power grid to achieve centralized power supply.
3.3 Hybrid inverter
A hybrid inverter combines the functionality of a stand-alone inverter and a network inverter. It can store excess electricity through a battery system and inject the remaining power into the grid. This type of inverter is suitable for scenarios where both independent power supply and participation in grid energy exchange are desired.
Photovoltaic power generation system inverter is an indispensable key component in solar power generation equipment. By converting DC power into AC power, inverters enable the power generated by solar panels to be more widely used in various electrical equipment and grid systems. An in-depth understanding of how inverters work allows for better selection and maintenance of a photovoltaic power generation system suitable for specific needs.